Organization Theory and Bureaucracy
O
Oiyo Contributor
Chapter 7: Organization Theory and Bureaucracy
An organization is an intentional collaborative system established to achieve specific goals. In public administration, organization theory deals with how to efficiently operate the massive machinery of government.
1. Bureaucracy Theory
The ‘Ideal Type’ of bureaucracy proposed by Max Weber was once considered the most efficient form for large-scale organizations.
(1) Major Characteristics
- Hierarchy: A pyramid structure of superior-subordinate relationships.
- Division of Labor & Specialization: Breaking down tasks to increase proficiency.
- Impersonality: Processing work according to rules, excluding personal emotions.
- Documentation: All work is recorded and preserved in writing.
(2) Bureaucratic Pathology (Dysfunctions)
- Goal Displacement: A phenomenon where the means (rule compliance) become more important than the ends.
- Trained Incapacity: Obsession with existing rules leads to an inability to adapt to change.
- Sectionalism (Compartmentalism): Favouring one’s own department’s interests over cooperation with others.
2. Post-Bureaucracy (Adhocracy)
This describes movements to break the rigidity of bureaucracy to adapt to a rapidly changing modern society.
| Feature | Bureaucracy | Post-Bureaucracy (Adhocracy) |
|---|---|---|
| Structure | Fixed, vertical hierarchy | Flexible, horizontal team structure |
| Control | Emphasis on rules and procedures | Emphasis on performance and capability |
| Adaptability | Suitable for stable environments | Suitable for uncertain/volatile environments |
| Decision-making | Centralized (top-heavy) | Decentralized (field-centered) |
3. Modern Organizational Models
- Matrix Organization: Combines functional and project-based structures (Dual command system).
- Network Organization: Retains core competencies while linking with external entities for other functions.
- Learning Organization: A system where members continuously learn and share knowledge to adapt to the environment.
Key Checklist
- What is the organization model based on legal and rational authority proposed by Max Weber? (Answer: Bureaucracy)
- What is the term for the phenomenon where obsession with rules and procedures leads to forgetting the original goal? (Answer: Goal Displacement)
- What organizational form emphasizes horizontal structures and flexibility, providing an advantage in uncertain environments? (Answer: Post-Bureaucracy / Adhocracy)
Stay in the loop
Get the latest articles delivered to your inbox. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.
Subscribe →