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Technical insights and deep-dives in Academy.

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Ch2. The Cost Approach — Replacement Cost and Depreciation

May 12, 2026 · OIYO Editorial

The logic of the Cost Approach, methods for estimating replacement cost, the three causes of depreciation and how to measure them, and calculating depreciated cost value — Lecture 2 of the Appraisal Theory Fundamentals series.

Magazine / Academy

Ch2. Property Law — Ownership, Usufructuary Rights, and Security Interests

May 12, 2026 · OIYO Editorial

A comprehensive guide to US property law: the types and characteristics of property rights, acquiring and protecting ownership, usufructuary rights (easements, life estates, leasehold interests), and security interests (mortgages, liens) — Chapter 2 of the Civil Law Basics series.

Academy / Academy

#2 Ch2. Filing a Lawsuit — Complaint Requirements and Service of Process

May 13, 2026 · OIYO Editorial

How to properly file a civil lawsuit in federal court — the complaint's required contents under FRCP 8, service of process rules under FRCP 4, the statute of limitations tolling effect, and how to amend pleadings. Civil Procedure Basics series, Chapter 2.