前置詞マスター:in, on, at とその先へ
第6講:前置詞マスター — in, on, at とその先へ
英語学習者が最も頻繁に間違える項目の一つが**前置詞(Preposition)**です。特に in, on, at の使い分けは混乱しやすいですが、大きな原則を覚えればすっきり整理できます!
場所の前置詞:in, on, at
基本イメージ
| 前置詞 | 基本イメージ | 特徴 |
|---|---|---|
| in | 空間の内側に | 3次元の空間、囲まれた場所 |
| on | 表面に接触して | 2次元の面、接触 |
| at | 一点を指して | 特定の地点・場所 |
場所の例文
| in | on | at |
|---|---|---|
| in a box | on the table | at the station |
| in the room | on the wall | at the corner |
| in Tokyo | on the floor | at school |
| in Japan | on the bus | at home |
| in the car | on the left | at the top |
乗り物について:小さい乗り物(car, taxi)は in、大型乗り物(bus, train, plane)は on を使うのが一般的です。in the car / taxi vs. on the bus / train / plane
時間の前置詞:in, on, at
時間でも同じ3つの前置詞を使いますが、使い分けが違います!
| at | on | in |
|---|---|---|
| 具体的な時刻 | 特定の日 | 長い期間 |
| at 7 o’clock | on Monday | in January |
| at noon | on Christmas Day | in 2026 |
| at night | on my birthday | in the morning |
| at the weekend | on 5 April | in summer |
| at the moment | in the future |
時間の前置詞ゼロ冠詞
this, last, next, every の前には前置詞不要!
- ❌ I’ll see you on next Monday. → ✅ I’ll see you next Monday.
- ❌ She called me on last night. → ✅ She called me last night.
方向の前置詞
| 前置詞 | 意味 | 例文 |
|---|---|---|
| to | ~へ(目的地) | go to school |
| into | ~の中へ(移動) | walk into the room |
| onto | ~の上へ(移動) | jump onto the table |
| from | ~から(出発点) | come from Japan |
| towards | ~の方向へ | walk towards the exit |
| through | ~を通り抜けて | drive through the tunnel |
その他の重要前置詞
for と since(継続を表す)
| for | since |
|---|---|
| 期間の長さ | 起点となる時点 |
| for three hours | since 3 o’clock |
| for a week | since Monday |
| for two years | since 2020 |
for は「どのくらいの間(期間の長さ)」、since は「いつから(開始時点)」です。どちらも現在完了形と相性がよいです。I have been studying for 2 hours. / I have lived here since 2018.
by と until(期限・継続を表す)
| by | until |
|---|---|
| ~までに(完了の期限) | ~まで(ずっと継続) |
| Finish it by Friday. | Wait until Friday. |
よくあるミスと修正
- ❌ I am interested on science. → ✅ I am interested in science.
- ❌ She is good in math. → ✅ She is good at math.
- ❌ We arrived to the airport. → ✅ We arrived at the airport.
- ❌ I’ll meet you on Monday morning. → ✅ I’ll meet you on Monday morning.(これはOK — 曜日なのでon)
- ❌ I’ll see you in the next week. → ✅ I’ll see you next week.
今日の講義のまとめ
- 場所の in(内側)/ on(表面)/ at(一点)の使い分けを覚える。
- 時間の at(時刻)/ on(特定の日)/ in(長い期間)を整理する。
- this/last/next/every の前には前置詞を使わない。
- for(期間の長さ)と since(開始時点)を区別する。
- by(期限)と until(継続)を区別する。
O
Oiyo
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